It sets out the PRC's challenge of mobilizing sufficient capital for initiatives in areas including low-carbon development, digital economic growth, social care, and public health. It explores the rise of thematic finance and how this could bolster areas such as elder care and the blue economy. Collaboration among policy makers, multilateral organizations, and the private sector is crucial in filling gaps in development funding. ADB's experience with public-private partnerships and thematic finance provides examples of how this can work.