As part of the Brookings – China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) Dialogue, this report is being released concurrently with a parallel report by CICIR that provides a Chinese perspective on the future development of U.S.-China relations. The concurrent release of these papers is intended to offer insights into areas where the U.S. and Chinese authors hold converging and diverging perspectives. The Brookings authors have provided a brief response to CICIR’s paper on page 11 of this report.